I’ve owned pigs for a large part of my life. I’ve opted to keep my pigs on concrete, which is what many large commercial hog farmers do. I’m not a commercial farmer by any means, but they’ve gotten the system figured out.
I’ve seen that there is a growing trend lately for pasture kept pigs. That’s awesome! I love the idea of keeping pigs on pasture and raising them naturally. It’s so cute to see momma sows and a litter of pigs out on a lush green pasture rooting around.
I just don’t think it’s totally feasible for everyone that want pigs. I certainly haven’t had any luck with raising pasture pigs, even though I think it’s a great idea!
So, why did I decide to keep my pigs on concrete?
Good question!
I always had pigs growing up. There were two places where the pigs were kept. When my parents first got pigs, the neighbors next to them had a large fenced in area, probably a little over an acre next to my parent’s house. They didn’t keep anything in it and it had previously been used for pigs.
I got out there with my parents one day and helped them fix it up and clean it out. It was pretty clean except for a few briar patches and some small scrubby trees that needed to be cut down. After we cleaned it up, they put a few pigs in it.
The pigs they got were commercial Yorkshires and were fed corn and hog grower every day. They definitely weren’t hurting for food. Once each of the pigs weighed about 100 pounds, they began ripping through the fence. Awesome right?
Save me for later!
They were just big enough at that point that you couldn’t quite pick them up and carry them back to the pasture. They had to be led back.
That worked for a while…
Until they figured out that we were leading back to the pen that they had just escaped from. The pen that they were enclosed in was fenced with the 2″ x 4″ square welded wire fencing. That is definitely not durable enough to keep pigs in that want out.
Now what’s funny about those pigs getting out is the fact that they didn’t realize that they were pigs. I played with them all of the time, so I think they thought that they were dogs.
Eventually, they broke out enough times that the fence around the small pasture was unfixable.
We took two of them to the slaughter house and the last one stayed at the house for a while to reach market size. We live in a neighborhood that is mostly elderly people, and it’s in the middle of nowhere, so when cars drive by, they drive by slow.
The pig that we kept for a while longer would get out of her pen and sleep in the carport with the dogs and cats. If a car went by…. she chased it…. like a dog.
Yes, you read that right.
Picture a 200+ lb hog chasing cars down the road in front of my parents house.
She even barked at them like a dog. I can’t tell you the number of times people would drive past my parent’s house just to see the “pig that chased cars”. If that’s not country, I don’t know what is.
Tin Sheeting
So fast forward about ten years to me having my own pigs.
My husband’s family raises pigs and cooks whole hogs each year. One of the uncles in the family raises the pigs on his farm. He kept them on concrete and rather than having fencing around the pen, he used sheets of tin roofing.
He claims that if the pigs cannot see out of the pen then they won’t try to get out. We decided to try something similar at our old house and made a small pen using tin sheets rather than fencing. We didn’t have concrete though, so the pigs were on the ground.
First mistake we made was having the pig pen on a slope with the tin sheets.
The tin sheets touched the ground. Remember, he said it would work because they can’t see out. So we closed all of the gaps and had the tin on the ground.
When it rained hard, the pig pen turned into a huge soup pit. Not cool. Since it was on a slope, one end would fill up with water and it held the water pretty well, so the rest of the pen would flood also.
We only raised a couple of pigs in that pen. That was a headache. I could see it working well with concrete and having a slight gap for the water to drain under and around the tin sheets but it reminded me of a prison. Who wants to be kept in a box with nothing to look at?
We had to change something.
When we moved to our current house, we knew that we wanted pigs again. I actually bought Lucille and her brother before our pen was ready. (Not that I would recommend that!)
Raise It, Eat It, Kill It makes some good points about the advantages and disadvantages about raising pigs on concrete, pasture and dirt areas.
So we had to keep the two baby pigs in a livestock trailer briefly until we figured out what we wanted in our pig pen. This was probably the best thing that happened to us.
When we kept the pigs in the trailer, they were on a wooden slat floor that we kept covered in shavings. I cleaned the trailer out several times a week, and about once a week I completely hosed it out and put new shavings down.
This is what made me realize that I wanted to be able to keep the manure if I wanted to and also that I wanted to be able to hose and/or disinfect their living space if needed.
You can scoop manure off of dry ground pretty easily, but it gets a little more complicated trying to scoop it off of sloppy mud.
The Pig Site also discusses several types of flooring options with pigs that are kept indoors. This is a great read if you are trying to determine pros and cons of different flooring options.
I decided I wanted to put my pigs on concrete.
I would easily clean it up, hose the manure off and I could also disinfect it if I needed to.
Making the Pen
We made a pen with hog panels. This is really one of the few things that is going to keep your animals in if they want out. Lucille currently weighs about 425 pounds and she can push on the panels and they don’t break. I highly recommend them!
You can buy hog panels at co-ops or TSC stores. I’ve seen a lot of used hog panels on Craigslist before too so that would be a good place to look.
After the panels were up, we poured our concrete slab. Before the slab was poured, the pen would get so thick with mud that the pigs would have a hard time moving around. In the spring when we got a lot of rain, it was so sloppy and nasty that you almost couldn’t tell manure from mud. Not an ideal situation to say the least.
The Solution
Our final design that we decided on was to pour a concrete slab, fenced in with hog panels. We would also make a house on one end of the pen for shade in the summer and heat in the winter.
When we poured the slab, the pigs went back onto the livestock trailer for several days while the concrete cured. Once we turned them back out into the pen, it was evident very quickly that they loved it. Pigs are clean animals by nature, so they quickly established a bathroom corner, a bedding area, and a feeding area.
Lucille now has a house on one end of the pen that provides her with extra shade and a fan in the summer as well as heat in the winter. We keep that side full of shavings for her to bed into. One thing that I’ve noticed, when it is hot outside, she will move the shavings out of her way under her house to lay directly on the cool concrete.
No mud, no mess!
Since it is concrete and not dirt, in the summer when it is extremely hot we will turn the sprinkler on in her pen to help her cool off. I don’t have to worry about creating a muddy mess with the sprinkler since she is on concrete.
It is also really nice to be on concrete when I need to get in the pen and work with Lucille. When I perform AI on her, I don’t have to worry about walking through the mud and muck with expensive supplies in my hands. Read more here about performing artificial insemination on pigs.
Lucille chowing down on supper in her pen. Notice the concrete she’s on. It was time to clean it, so it’s a little dirty, but nothing a water hose can’t handle!
I have loved putting our pigs on concrete.
Eventually, we may expand our pig area to include an optional pasture area, but for now what we have works great. As long as you monitor your animals’ health and condition, I think keeping them on concrete is a beneficial management strategy.
Overall, it has made managing our pigs sooo much simpler.
I later found this article from The Pig Site that talks more about the importance of keeping show-pigs on concrete on the farm.
Just like everything else, if you do it improperly, it could have negative impacts, such as your pigs developing leg or feet issues. This can also be prevented by giving them deep bedding and selecting animals that have correct leg and feet structure.
Something else that I’ve been working on lately is working on better managing our pig’s manure. There are so many different ways that pig manure can be managed. When you raise pigs on concrete then it’s easier to manage the manure.
It also sets you up to manage pregnant sows also. We have enclosed part of our pig pen so that farrowing mommas have a sheltered place to have piglets.
What do you think about keeping your pigs on concrete or pasture? Let me know!
I absolutely agree with the concrete idea. I’ve seen it, and I know it works. Excellent idea.
My issue with this; is that it’s all about you and your convenience. What about the pigs? Their enrichment? Their wellbeing? A natural life? I don’t see anything in this article that addresses anything to do with them, and at the end of the day, it is their lives.
I appreciated your article – I’m debating whether to keep pigs on concrete or dirt. Any thoughts/recommendations on how big the slab needs to be? Larger is better, I’m sure. But budget is an issue for hobby farmers like me.
Pete,
We had three large 450-600 lb. pigs on a concrete slab that was about 12-25′. There was plenty of room for a large covered shed and everyone had enough room to move around and be comfortable. I know that concrete prices are different everywhere, but it costed about $500 for concrete for our slab. It was an investment, but it was much easier to manage them than to have them on dirt.
Thanks for your info.
I’m buying 4 pigs for meat and was seeing some people against it. I’m convinced it’s personal preference on what you think your pig needs.
My pigs need to be kept in, kept clean, kept happy and from what I’ve seen concrete does better than mud. My pen, ironically, will be concrete AND mud lol
I have an 8×10 shed on concrete that leads to a field. So it’ll be half on, half off. To those who want a pet pig give it what you want but to use raising food for our table it’ll be what saves up without harming our animals. Concrete is best, in my opinion, for raising meat. As for a pet? Looks just as good. Your pig looks healthy and happy!
Thank you much 🙂
Daniel,
I agree that it’s a matter of personal preference! I’ve raised pigs on pasture and on concrete and I felt like my pigs were much more sanitary on concrete. Good luck with your meat pigs!
I’m in a similar situation. we have raised finishing pigs for 3 years now on a large dirt lot and this year the smell has increased due to all the mud and manure and the flies have been horrible. We are considering pouring a concrete floor in our hog shed and then an outdoor pad so they can be outdoors. By being able to shovel out manure I’m hoping it eliminates the flies and smell. Any suggestions? Have you battled the flies and smell also? Thanks!
Adam,
I don’t know that you can 100% eliminate the smell and flies, but being able to wash the pad definitely helps. We found that keeping it sprayed off was essential. It also helps to come in with a pressure washer and spray it off every so often. Pig manure tends to leave dark stains on the concrete and I think those leftover stains are enough to bring flies in sometimes. To help with the odor and to disinfect, we use chlorohexidine. It’s the same thing that vet clinics and vet schools use to disinfect, so it’s the real deal. Spray the pad down, pour chlorohexidine on and then use a shop broom to scrub the pad and make the chlorohexidine lather up. Let it sit for about 5 minutes and then spray it off. As far as the flies, we’ve tried several options and they all work about the same. You can put fly spray on the pigs to help keep the flies off of them. We’ve also tried diatomaceous earth; that helps to keep pretty much everything off of the pigs- flies, lice, etc. You can also sprinkle the DE all over the pad. Try putting out some fly bait and releasing fly predators. We noticed a big difference when we released fly predators. These bugs eat fly larvae and are harmless to your animals and you. They’re a form of biological control. Here’s where we order ours (we like the fly exterminator brand): https://amzn.to/35wQFcq
I just adopted my daughters two potbelly pet pigs . Their pigpen and shelter was built on a large existing slab Prob a 20×30 area with 10×10 of it shelter . One , how do I prevent the ground water from soaking the bottom layers of hay , I fear it’s too wet . I’m in Connecticut where winters can get quite cold so keeping their shelter dry is important. Also outside their shelter is is wise to lay hay during snowy freezing periods , I fear slipping on icy concrete. I’m new to pig owning I need all advice I can get thank you !
Hey Rebecca!
So there are a few things that you can try. My pigs would actually move the bedding out of their way in the winter and they would pile up next to one another under the heat lamps. It’s not as cold here (west TN) as where you are, so that my not be true for your pigs. It can be hard to keep the bedding dry and clean, especially in the bottom layers. I’ve seen some people pour sand over their slabs in the sheltered portion and cover that with hay or straw. Supposedly that helps to keep the bedding dry. I haven’t tried that with pigs myself but I know it works really well with chickens. The sand also makes it easier to clean manure out. As far as putting hay down on the concrete, you can definitely do that to help with traction. The sand may help the same way if you try it out. The biggest problem that you’re going to have is keeping the bedding dry. You may have to change it out frequently. I’d try the sand with bedding on top and see how that works. If they push sand out, you could install a 2×6 along the floor to help create a lip to keep the sand in the shelter. Let me know how it goes. I’m curious as to what is going to work for you!